Urban

The green spaces of our towns and gardens bring nature into our daily lives, brightening our mornings with birdsong and the busy buzzing of bees. Together, the UK's gardens are larger than all of our National Nature Reserves combined, making them as important for wildlife as they are for our own wellbeing.

From parkland to window boxes, wildlife thrives in gardens

These green spaces are a lifeline for wildlife, little havens scattered through the desert of urban sprawl and intensively managed farmland. Trees and shrubs shelter miniature mammals and nesting birds, whilst feeders offer a reliable food source no matter how wild the weather is. Even a single window-ledge plant pot can make a difference, providing pollen and nectar for insects straying into the concrete jungle. 

Larger parks and gardens can become a wild paradise, home to creatures you would never expect to find so close to home: grass snakes slithering through the undergrowth, foxes frolicking on lawns, and even owls peering out from the gnarled trunks of old trees.

A bit of peace and quiet

Parks and gardens are as good for us as they are for wildlife. They provide a place where we can relax, breathe in the fresh air and remind ourselves of the beauty of the wild world around us. For people living in the heart of urban areas, they offer an escape into nature that would otherwise be out of reach.

Spending time connecting with nature is proven to reduce stress and improve both our mental and physical health, and the green oases of our parks and gardens offer the perfect opportunity to do this.

Birds

Numbers of house sparrows, song thrushes, dunnocks and starlings have all declined in the countryside, and are now considered endangered. But you can help them, by providing food and places for them to breed in your garden.

Mammals

Many mammals that would have once lived in the countryside, have learnt to adapt to our towns and gardens; keep a look out for hedgehogsfoxes and house mice. There are lots of ways you can help mammals in your back garden by creating habitat and food sources

Species you might see

Our towns and gardens are full of wildlife. Take a look at our ID pages to work out what you might have spotted!

Our gardens are vital for wildlife

The UK's gardens provide more space for nature than all the National Nature Reserves put together.

Wildlife-friendly gardening

As a charity we rely on memberships

They help us look after over 2,300 nature reserves and protect the animals that call them home.

Become a member

Species in urban environments

Hawfinch
Hawfinch ©Andy Morffew

Hawfinch

The hawfinch is the UK's largest finch, with an enormous bill powerful enough to crush a cherry stone. Despite their size, they are typically elusive, especially during the summer nesting season.

Male brambling
Male brambling © Amy Lewis

Brambling

These winter visitors are close relatives of the chaffinch and can often be found in the same flocks, where their white rump and nasal calls give them away.

House mouse
© Wildstock

House mouse

The tiny, grey-brown house mouse is one of our most successful mammals. It thrives around buildings but is less likely to be found in our houses these days due to better construction.

Glow worm larva
Jim Higham

Glow-worm

The glow-worm is not actually a worm, but a beetle. Males look like typical beetles, but the nightly glow of a female is unmistakeable - lighting up to attract a mate in the darkness of their grassland habitats. Look for the adults in summer.

Grey heron

Spot these tall, prehistoric looking birds standing like a statue on the edge of ponds and lakes, contemplating their next meal.

Parakeet holding blossom in its beak
Jon Hawkins

Ring-necked parakeet

The bright green ring-necked parakeet is an escapee and our only naturalised parrot; its success is likely due to warmer winters. It can be seen in the South East.

Waxwing
©Jon Hawkins Surrey Hills Photography

Waxwing

The waxwing is a colourful winter visitor. It can often be spotted in large flocks in berry-laden bushes in towns, car parks and gardens.

crab spider in close up sat on a piece of plant vegetation. You can see the hairs on its legs and mandibles
© Jon Hawkins

Flower crab spider

The flower crab spider is one of 27 species of crab spider. The flower crab spider can alter the colour of its body to match its surroundings and to hide from prey. It is not as common as other types of crab spider.

Rook
©Margaret Holland

Rook

The all-black rook is a sociable bird, so can be spotted in flocks or nesting colonies, known as 'rookeries'. Unlike the similar carrion crow, it has a grey bill and 'baggy trouser' feathers around its legs.

Black-headed Gull
Black-headed gull (winter) ©Tom Marshall

Black-headed gull

The black-headed gull is actually a chocolate-brown headed gull! And for much of the year, its head even turns white. Look out for it in large, noisy flocks on a variety of habitats.

Lesser spotted woodpecker
©Stefan Johansson

Lesser spotted woodpecker

The lesser spotted woodpecker is the smallest of the UK's woodpeckers. Listen out for its drumming, which is quieter than that of the great spotted woodpecker, in woodland, parks , orchards and gardens.

Wood mouse

The tiny, brown wood mouse is one of our most common rodents and is very likely to be found in the garden. It is similar to the house mouse, but has larger ears and eyes relative to its size.

Chaffinch female
©Mark Hamblin/2020VISION

Chaffinch

The colourful and delightful chaffinch is a regular garden visitor across the UK. Look out for it hopping about on the ground under birdtables and hedges.

Common Gull
©Margaret Holland

Common gull

Despite its name, the common gull is not as common as some of our other gulls. It can be spotted breeding at the coast, but is also partial to sports fields, landfill sites and housing estates in winter.

Fallow deer

Although introduced by the Normans, the fallow deer has been here so long that it is considered naturalised. Look out for groups of white-spotted deer in woodland glades.

Turtle doves
©Luke Massey

Turtle dove

The turtle dove is the UK's fastest declining bird species and is on the brink of extinction. A small and pretty pigeon, it breeds in lowland England and winters in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Lesser Redpoll
©Margaret Holland

Lesser redpoll

Traditionally a small finch of woodland and scrub, it appears that the lesser redpoll is now moving into our gardens. It has a streaky brown body, red forehead and black bib, and mostly feeds on seeds.

A Herring Gull – our most typical "seagull" in the UK.
Herring gull ©Gillian Day

Herring gull

The herring gull is the typical 'seagull' of our seaside resorts, though our coastal populations have declined in recent decades.

Red fox

Famed for their cunning and stealth, these orangey-red dogs with their bushy tails can be seen in towns and the countryside. They come out mostly at night but can also be seen during the day if you’re lucky!

©Jim Higham

Wood Anemone

A spring delight, the wood anemone grows in dappled shade in ancient woodlands. Traditional management, such as coppicing, can help such flowers by opening up the woodland floor to sunlight.

Siskin
©Mark Hamblin/2020VISION

Siskin

An attractive, green-and-yellow bird, the siskin regularly visits birdtables and feeders in gardens. Look for the bright yellow barring on its black wings, and the black crown of the males.

Lesser Black-backed Gull
Lesser black-backed gull ©Derek Moore

Lesser black-backed gull

The lesser-black backed gull can be spotted around the coast in summer, with the biggest colony on Walney Island, Cumbria. Look for it over fields, landfill sites and reservoirs during winter.

Yellowhammer
Yellowhammer ©Mark Hamblin/2020VISION

Yellowhammer

Like many of our farmland birds, the yellowhammer has declined in number in recent years. Spot this bright yellow bird singing from the top of a bush or fence, or in a mixed-species flock in winter.

A black and white magpie sat on a wooden post.
©️ Vaughn Matthews

Magpie

"One for sorrow, two for joy…" is a popular rhyme associated with the magpie - a bird of much myth and legend. An unmistakeable member of the crow family, it can be seen almost anywhere.

Common frog
© Guy Edwardes

Common frog

Our most well-known amphibian, the common frog is a regular visitor to garden ponds across the country, where they feast on slugs and snails. In winter, they hibernate in pond mud or under log piles.

A great crested grebe with a fish in its beak.
© Andrew Parkinson/2020VISION

Great crested grebe

The graceful great crested grebe is a familiar sight on our lakes and reservoirs, and is well-known for its elaborate courtship dance, during which it rises vertically out of the water and shakes its head.

Jackdaw
©Gillian Day

Jackdaw

The jackdaw is a small, black-capped crow of woodlands, parks, towns and coast. It is a well-known thief, stealing other birds' eggs and breaking into garden feeders.

Pygmy shrew

The diminutive pygmy shrew has a distinctively pointy nose and tiny eyes. It lives life in the fast lane, eating every 2-3 hours to survive, and only living for a year or so. Look out for it in the garden.

Red kite in flight
©David Tipling/2020VISION

Red kite

Seeing a red kite soaring high in the sky is a true delight! Once a very rare bird, thanks to successful reintroduction projects these wonderful birds can now be seen in lots of places in the UK.

Little Grebe

Little grebe

The little grebe is a fantastic diver, but to help it swim underwater, its feet are placed towards the back of its body, making it rather clumsy on land. It only really comes ashore to breed.

Linnet
©Jon Hawkins

Linnet

The linnet can be seen on farmland and heathland across the UK. But, like so many other farmland birds, linnets are declining rapidly, mainly due to agricultural intensification.

Weasal in a box close up
© Scott Petrek

Weasel

Weasels may look adorable, but they make light work of eating voles, mice and birds! They are related to otters and stoats, which is obvious thanks to their long slender bodies and short legs.

Buzzard soaring through the sky
Christopher Dean

Buzzard

Listen out for the cat-like, 'kee-yaa' calls of the buzzard as it soars high over farmland and woodland. Once suffering from severe persecution and pesticide poisoning, it has made a stunning comeback to most of the UK.

Cormorant
©Peter Cairns/2020VISION

Cormorant

The cormorant is an excellent fisher. It is most easily spotted when it is perched, stretching its wings out in the sun to dry after a dive. The UK holds internationally important wintering numbers of cormorant.

Pied wagtail
©Margaret Holland

Pied wagtail

The pied wagtail is a familiar bird across town and countryside. Its black-and-white markings and long, wagging tail make it easy to identify as it hops across the road or lawn.

Tawny owl with wings spread as it launches into flight at night
Thinesh Thirugnanasampanthar

Tawny owl

Tawny owls are the familiar brown owls of Britain’s woodlands, parks and gardens. They are known for their ‘too-wit too-woo’ song that can be heard at night-time.

Common Tern

Common tern

During the breeding season, the common tern can be seen around our coasts and also inland at gravel pits, reservoirs and lakes. It nests in noisy colonies and can be spotted plunge-diving for fish.

Rock dove/Feral pigeon
©Bertie Gregory/2020VISION

Rock dove

The wild rock dove is the ancestor to what is probably our most familiar bird - the feral pigeon, which is often found in large numbers in our towns and cities.

Slow worm on the grass
© Bruce Shortland

Slow worm

Despite appearances, the slow worm is actually a legless lizard, not a worm or a snake! Look out for it basking in the sun on heathlands and grasslands, or even in the garden, where it favours compost heaps.

Greenfinch

Greenfinch

An attractive, olive-green bird, the greenfinch regularly visits birdtables and feeders in gardens. Look for a bright flash of yellow on its wings as it flies.

Devil's Coach Horse
Russ Cribb

Devil's coach horse

A ferocious and fast predator, the Devil's coach horse beetle hunts invertebrates after dark in gardens and on grasslands. It is well-known for curling up its abdomen like the tail of a scorpion when defending itself.

Woodpigeon
©Amy Lewis

Woodpigeon

The large, plump woodpigeon is a familiar sight in our gardens and parks, but can also be found on farmland and in woodlands almost everywhere. You may hear its cooing call before you see the bird itself.

Goldfinch on a branch showing its striking gold and red colouration
© Neil Aldridge

Goldfinch

The striking red crown, golden back, and bright yellow wings of the goldfinch make it one of our prettiest garden birds. It happily visits birdtables and feeders across the UK.

Bullfinch
©Bob Coyle

Bullfinch

The rose-red breast, large black cap and thick bill make the bullfinch easy to identify. A plump-looking bird of woodlands, hedgerows and orchards, it also frequents gardens.

Wasp Spider
Adam Cormack

Wasp spider

The wasp spider is a great mimic - looking just like a common wasp keeps it safe from predators, even though it is not dangerous itself. It can be found in southern England, but is spreading north.

Collared dove
©Gillian Day

Collared dove

The collared dove is a pretty little pigeon that is a regular sight in our gardens, woodlands and parks. Listen out for its familiar cooing call, which you may hear before you see the bird itself.

©Peter L Herring

Hemlock

A notoriously poisonous plant, hemlock produces umbrella-like clusters of white flowers in summer. It can be found in damp places, such as ditches, riverbanks and waste ground.

Reed Bunting
©Chris Lawrence

Reed bunting

A streaky brown bird, the reed bunting can be found in wetlands, reedbeds and on farmland across the UK. Males sport black heads and a white 'moustache'.

Dunnock
Dunnock ©Neil Aldridge

Dunnock

The shy dunnock can be seen hopping about under hedges as its other name, 'hedge sparrow', suggests. It inhabits gardens, woodlands, hedgerows and parks.

Carrion crow
©Chris Maguire

Carrion crow

The all-black carrion crow does not nest in colonies like the similar rook. It can be seen almost everywhere.

Green woodpecker
©Andy Morffew

Green woodpecker

The laughing 'yaffle' call of the green woodpecker can be heard in our woodlands, parks and gardens. Look out for it hopping about your lawn, searching for ants to eat.

Marmalade hoverfly
Laura Cronin

Marmalade fly

Our most common hoverfly, the marmalade fly is orange with black bands across its body. It feeds on flowers like tansy, ragwort and cow parsley in gardens, hedgerows, parks and woodlands.

Brimstone Moth
©Amy Lewis

Brimstone moth

The brimstone moth is a yellow, night-flying moth with distinctive brown-and-white spots on its angular forewings. It frequently visits gardens, but also likes woods, scrub and grasslands.

House martin
©Dawn Monrose

House martin

As its name suggests, the house martin can be spotted nesting in the eaves of houses in our towns and villages. Its intricate mud nests take days to build and are often returned to and used in following years.

Pyramidal orchid
© Paul Lane

Pyramidal orchid

The Pyramidal orchid lives up to its name - look for a bright pinky-purple, densely packed pyramid of flowers atop a green stem. It likes chalk grassland, sand dunes, roadside verges and quarries.

oxeye daisies on the uk coastline
©Mark Hamblin

Oxeye daisy

Often growing in swathes along a roadside or field margin, the oxeye daisy is just as at home in traditional hay meadows. The large, white, daisy-like flowers are easy to identify.

House sparrow
©Fergus Gill/2020VISION

House sparrow

The house sparrow is a familiar, streaky brown bird of towns, parks and gardens. Males sport a grey cap and black bib, the size of which indicates their status.

Grey wagtail
©Bertie Gregory/2020VISION

Grey wagtail

A breeding bird of fast-flowing, upland rivers, the grey wagtail can also be seen in lowland areas, farmyards and even towns in winter.

A kestrel hovering above a grassland. It's a fairly small bird of prey, with brown wings and a creamy body with dark streaks down the breast.
Steve Waterhouse

Kestrel

The kestrel is a familiar sight hovering over the side of the road, looking out for its favourite food: small mammals like field voles. It prefers open habitats like grassland, farmland and heathland, but can be seen in towns and villages.

Zebra Spider
Jon Hawkins

Zebra spider

As its name suggests, the zebra spider has the familiar black-and-white stripes of a zebra, making it very distinctive. It can be found stalking its prey on rocks, trees and walls, particularly in gardens.

Jay
Mark Hamblin

Jay

The jay is a colourful member of the crow family, with brilliant blue wing patches. It is famous for searching out acorns in autumnal woodlands and parks, often storing them for the winter ahead.

Hooded Crow
©Margaret Holland

Hooded crow

The hooded crow was thought to be the same species as the carrion crow, but they have now been separated. Less widespread than its cousin, look for it in North Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man.

Grass snake
David Chamberlain

Grass snake

The grass snake is our longest snake, but don't worry if you find one in the compost heap - it's harmless! Look out for this green and yellow beauty in grasslands and wetlands, too.